Commands

    . Command prompt is a native Windows application tool which acts as interpreter.

    . It allows to interact with computer similar to the GUI.

    . By writing commands in the Command prompt/ Command Shell, we can perform number of operations.

    . To open Command prompt, Click on Windows > Run > Type Cmd and press Enter.

    . It works on its the default location when we type commands in it.

    . We can move into another drive by typing command D: and press Enter.

      . Below table contains list of few important commands:

Command	Description
cd	To change the directory
cd..	Moves to its parent directory
mkdir	Creates new directory
copy con	Creates a new file in that directory and you can add text and press Ctrl+Z to save
start	To open notepad
attrib	To change the attributes of file like Read only, Hidden, Archieve etc
date	To display the current date
del	To delete file (s) from directory. (del *.jpeg removes all files of jpeg type)
exit	To exit command prompt
cls	To clear screen
rd	To delete complete directory
help	To display information on different commands we provide
print	To print a file mentioned
rename	Renames a file name provided. Ex: rename abc.txt bob.txt
replace	Replace a file with specified file
copy	Copies content of one file into another file specified
move	Moves the file to specified location
type	Displays type of file
more	Displays content of a text file
find	Searches for a string in a mentioned file
diskpart	Manages hard drive partitions
netsh	Connects to network shell utility and manages network configuration
netstat	Displays all open network connections and listening ports
format	Formats a drive in diskpart field
ftp	Connects to file transfer protocol and allows to share files between computers
tasklist	Displays list of applications, services running on local computer
taskkill	Terminates a running task which you specify
tree	Displays folder structure graphically.

 
     . Few commmands with detailed explanation:

   1. systeminfo

       . It is used to know all the information of the computer.

   2. ipconfig/all

       . It gives complete information about the IP Address both IPv4 and IPv6 of your computer.
       . It also shows details of DNS servers, DHCP, Mac address.

   3. tracert

       . It tracks how much time it takes to reach the destination passing the packets.

       . Gives info about each step route between PC and target.

   4. ping

       . It sends series of test packets to specified address.

       . If they arrived and returned, device is capable of communicating with that server.

       . If it fails, it means there is communication problem to connect that particular server.

   5. powercfg:

       . It is used to track how computer uses energy.

       . powerconfig/energy shows power saving status currently.

   6. Changing ip address of a PC using Commands;

       . To change ip address using Command Prompt, it should be run as Administrator.

       . Type netsh and then enter. It allows to connect to Network Shell properties.
       . Type interface ip show config to know current ip address.

       . Now change your current ip address by writing:

         interface ip set address name ="Ethernet 2" static [IP address you want to change] [subnet mask] [network gateway]

   7. Mac Addresses of all the devices in the network.

        . We can get all the Mac address of the devices in our network by a command arp -a

   8. Command to put all file names in a directory into a text file:

       . dir> command writes all the files names in a directory into a text file.

       . Move to the directory which you want to do this operation.

       . Type dir /b > [specify text file location where you want to save].

       . Now check the file.

   9. Command to trace, encrypt and decrypt files:

       . cipher is the command used to trace the encrypted files in that directory.

       . Move to the directory where you want to trace encrypted files and type cipher.

       . E indicates it is an encrypted file.

       . U indicates it is not an encrypted file.

    . Files or folders can be encrypted using GUI by right click on that file > Properties > Advanced > Checking the encrypt file option> Apply

    . We can also encrypt all the files the folder by using cipher /e command.
   . After encrypting, we can make sure whether it is encrypted or not by typing cipher and looking all the files starts with E.

   

   . Similarly we can decrypt all the files in that directory using cipher /d command.

   

   . To encrypt a single file in a directory, we need to use command cipher /e /a [specific file location]

   

   . Similarly we can decrypt specific file in directory using cipher /d /a [specific file with location]